When a light beam passes through a magnetic medium, the Faraday effect causes it to turn in the direction of its polarization; that is, the polarization axis of the light beam revolves clockwise by an angle seen from the viewer’s perspective. If the outgoing light is shown back to the original tool, the onlooker will discover that the polarization axis of the light has been turned clockwise by the very same angle. An optical rotator constructed from this Faraday impact is a Faraday rotator. Magneto-optical crystal is crystalline products with magneto-optical results. Magneto-optical crystals can be separated into three categories:
- Ferromagnetic magneto-optical crystals
- Paramagnetic magneto-optical crystals
- Diamagnetic magneto-optical crystals
The magneto-optical crystals are widely made use of in optical interaction, computer system storage space, microwave tools, and other areas due to their large Faraday impact, reduced wavelength absorption coefficient, high permeability, and high magnetization. Magneto-optical crystals can be widely used in optical device production fields such as optical modulator, optical isolator, optical ring, optical phase shifter, optical button, as well as optical storage, optical screen, optical recorder, microwave tools, laser gyro, and various other storage and microwave gadget production areas.
TGG crystal
Terbium gallium garnet (TGG) Faraday isolators and spinners have remained the industry standard until now, as TGG has been used in the isolators and rewriters industry as Faraday crystals with modern crystal development techniques and also precise control of basic materials.
TGG crystal is the best magneto-optical product for making a Faraday optometer as well as an isolator, ideal for wavelengths 400–1100 nm (excluding 470–500 nm). TGG solitary crystal has high magneto-optical continuity, low light loss, high thermal conductivity, and a high laser light damage limit. It is widely used in YAG, Ti-doped sapphire, and various other multistage boosting, ring-type, and seed injection lasers.
The main advantages:
- Magneto-optical consistency is high (35 Rad T-1 m-1).
- Reduced light loss (<0.1%/centimeters).
- Thermal conductivity is high (7.4 W m-1K-1).
- Laser damage limit is high (> 1 GW/cm2).
- The big Verdet Constant (35 rad T-1 m-1).
- Reduced optical losses (<0.01%/cm).
- Thermal conductivity is high (7.4 W m-1K-1).
- High laser damage threshold (greater than 1 GW/cm2)
TSAG crystal
The TSAG crystal is the key isolation material for the next-generation fiber laser. TSAG is an excellent visible and infrared magneto-optical crystal with a high Verdet constant and outstanding thermal and mechanical properties.
Terbium-scandium-aluminum garnet (TSAG) crystals are excellent magneto-optical materials for both visible and infrared wavelengths (wavelength array: 400–1600 nm). TSAG crystal has the advantages of high stability, great thermal and mechanical properties, and is a necessary crystal for the future generation of high-power lasers.
Compared to TGG crystals, TSAG has a greater area continuous and lower absorption loss, which can make the isolator smaller in size and is also an excellent material for optical isolators with high power.
The main advantages:
- Verdet constant is 20% greater than TGG (65 rad T-1 m-1 at 1064 nm)
- Low absorption (<3000 ppm/cm at 1064 nm)
- High power certified
- Low thermally-induced birefringence
- Make the isolator extra compact and smaller in size
CeF3 crystal
Rare earth trifluoride crystals, such as CeF3 and PrF3, are outstanding brand-new magneto-optical products without a “core” and have a high use rate of crystal spaces.
The Verdet constant value of the CeF3 crystal coincides with that of the TGG crystal at 1310 nm wave size, which indicates that the crystal can be ideal for a Faraday isolator in the near-infrared band and also turns into one of the potential candidates to replace commercial magneto-optical materials.
Faraday turning glass
Faraday magneto-optical glass (rare-earth) Faraday magneto-optical glass) is a novel type of useful material with broad application prospects in the fields of fiber optics interaction and sensing due to its good anisotropic harmony, exceptional magneto-optical properties, and low cost.
Magnetically revolving glass, likewise known as Faraday rotating glass, is a new transparent optical functional material established in recent decades. It can rotate the polarization plane of a beam of linearly polarized light parallel to the electromagnetic field. Magnetic optically rotating glass is the core product of sophisticated intensive items that is widely used in the modern fields of optics, electricity, and magnetism. As an example, this material can be used to make an optical isolator, a magneto-optical modulator, a magneto-optical attenuator, a magneto-optical switch, a magneto-optical sensor, and a range of high-precision gyroscopes in fiber interaction.
Verdet constant
The Verdet constant is a really crucial parameter in magneto-optical products. Although YFeOGdBiFeOz and other rare earth iron garnet crystals (YIG) have exceptionally high Verdet continuous and also high transmittance in the infrared region, they are not transparent to visible light and can only be used in the infrared region when used as Faraday rotating elements, with difficult development and a long period. The Verdet constant of magneto-optical glass is smaller than that of the crystal series, yet it reveals strong vigor in the application of magneto-optical gadgets due to a collection of advantages such as great light passage, great optical harmony, low cost, preferred raw materials, and specifically the ease with which large-size products can be generated.
Other
Along with determining the isolator’s feature and the adaptability of the front and backside user interfaces, the customer must carefully select a number of specifications, such as precision, result ripple, temperature drift, sound, and response time.
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